Международный журнал сердечно-сосудистых исследований

Myocardial Infarction: A severe Heart Attack

Habiba Shabir

A Myocardial Infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the coronary artery of the heart is reduced or stopped, resulting in damage to the heart muscle. Chest pain or discomfort is the most prevalent symptom, which might spread to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. It usually happens in the centre or left side of the chest and lasts for several minutes. It's possible that the discomfort will feel like heartburn at times. Shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, faintness, a cold sweat, or exhaustion is some of the other symptoms. Atypical symptoms affect about 30% of persons. Women are more likely to present with neck discomfort, arm pain, or fatigue rather than chest pain.

About 5% of those over the age of 75 who experienced a MI with little or no prior symptoms. Heart failure, irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock, or cardiac arrest etc. can result from a MI. The 80% of MIs are caused by coronary artery disease. High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption are all risk factors. The underlying mechanism of a MI is usually a full blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. Coronary artery spasms, which can be triggered by cocaine, considerable mental stress (often known as Takotsubo syndrome or broken heart syndrome), and excessive cold, among other things, are less common causes of MIs